Delving into the complexities of schizophrenia, a chronic and severe mental disorder. Learn about the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options to better support those affected. Discover evidence-based approaches and practical advice for providing effective support to loved ones living with schizophrenia.
Delving into the complexities of schizophrenia, a chronic and severe mental disorder. Learn about the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options to better support those affected. Discover evidence-based approaches and practical advice for providing effective support to loved ones living with schizophrenia.
Savvy Psychologist is hosted by Dr. Monica Johnson. A transcript is available at Simplecast.
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I was recently asked by someone for information on Schizophrenia because they had a family member who was diagnosed and they wanted to better support them. As a result, I am doing this episode so that we can all be a little more educated on the topic.
Welcome back to Savvy Psychologist, I'm your host, Dr. Monica Johnson. Every week on this show, I'll help you face life's challenges with evidence-based approaches, a sympathetic ear, and zero judgment.
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It is characterized by a range of symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and behavior, as well as impairments in cognitive function. The DSM-5-TR provides the criteria for the diagnosis and understanding of schizophrenia and I’ll review a few broad strokes with you today.
To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, a person must have at least two of the following symptoms for a significant amount of time over a month. At least one of these symptoms must be one of the first three:
Delusions: Strongly held false beliefs that aren't based in reality (like believing you have superpowers or that others are plotting against you).
Hallucinations: Sensing things that aren't there, such as hearing voices or seeing things.
Disorganized Speech: Talking in a way that is hard to understand, jumping from topic to topic without making sense.
Disorganized or Catatonic Behavior: Acting in strange or unpredictable ways, or not moving at all.
Other symptoms that may be present:
Reduced Emotional Expression: Not showing emotions as much.
Avolition: Having little motivation to do things.
Alogia: Speaking less than usual.
Anhedonia: Not finding pleasure in things you used to enjoy.
Asociality: Lack of interest in social interactions.
Those with Schizophrenia may also experience cognitive symptoms such as:
Impaired Attention: Difficulty focusing.
Deficits in Working Memory: Trouble remembering information for short periods.
Impaired Executive Function: Difficulty making decisions and understanding information.
Schizophrenia often disrupts daily functioning. This means that after the onset of the illness, the person may struggle with work, relationships, and self-care compared to before they were sick.
Early treatment is crucial for improving the outlook for people with schizophrenia. Treatment typically includes medications to control symptoms and psychotherapy to help manage behaviors and thoughts. Support from family, friends, and community services is also essential. Common medications may include Haldol, Risperdal, Zyprexa, or Seroquel for example. Effective psychological and supportive services include CBT, Family Therapy, Social Skills Training, Peer Support Groups, Case Management, and vocational rehabilitation.
Schizophrenia can look different across cultures and between genders. Cultural background can influence the content of delusions and hallucinations and how people view the illness and its treatment. Men often develop symptoms earlier and more severely than women, who may have a later onset and somewhat better outcomes.
Understanding schizophrenia is key to supporting those affected by it. Ongoing research and new treatments continue to improve the quality of life for people with this challenging condition. Being a reliable source of emotional support can make a significant difference in the life of someone with schizophrenia. Show empathy, listen without judgment, and offer encouragement.
One thing I always get support from family and friends on is encouraging adherence to treatment. Often times people can develop mistrust with treatment that is motivated by their delusions. Gently remind them of the importance of taking their medication and attending therapy sessions. Offer to help with scheduling appointments or transportation if needed.
Encourage a structured routine: Support them in establishing a daily schedule that includes time for self-care, social activities, and rest.
Promote healthy lifestyle choices: Encourage activities that contribute to overall well-being, such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding substance abuse.
At times those with Schizophrenia may need crisis interventions. Know the signs of a potential crisis and have a plan in place for seeking emergency help if necessary. Keep contact information for mental health professionals and crisis hotlines readily available. This can be as simple as texting 988 for a crisis if you notice that they may be a danger to themselves. However, I also encourage being aware of local resources as well including the nearest ER.
Do you have a favorite mental health resource you’d like to share to those supporting family members and friends? Let me know! You can contact me via Instagram @kindmindpsych or via my email at psychologist@quickanddirtytips.com.
The Savvy Psychologist is a Quick and Dirty Tips podcast. It's audio engineered by Steve Riekeberg, with script editing by Brannan Goetschius. Our Podcast and Advertising Operations Specialist is Morgan Christianson. Our Digital Operations Specialist is Holly Hutchings and Our Marketing and Publicity Associate is Davina Tomlin. Follow Savvy Psychologist on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen to podcasts. That's all for this episode of Savvy Psychologist. Thanks for listening! I'll see you next week.